that are going on and we have some great writers and we will be bringing new contributors aboard soon. it is an old publication, 1944. >> david harsanyi, author of "obama's 4 horsemen: the disasters unleashed by obama's reelection," thanks. .. >> scott spiker, he was a very young, at the time, navy pilot and the father of two, had a nice family started down in jacksonville, florida. why any interest in them?

the initial starting interest. the time when he went missing in the red headlines. at bottom of this was kind of odd. why are they looking for in? why are they doing this? why are they doing this to make certain protocols are followed when something like this happens. if you think about this in terms of how i would think about it, 1994. i started to get more interested and interested in what was going on because i would you things here and there. people would just talk with me. i went back. and by the time i got to the end of the 90's the administration kept talking about it in the media. but going back and try to piece together the story and see what they're saying and what they want saying to read in my mind, the way my mind works is, these pieces of reformation are a mosaic starting to come together . you know, this is not right. in not reading that between the lines. you're getting from vice-president cheney at the

time or defense secretary cheney , i'm sorry. he is a fatality. a : the first casualty in make a headline. he's a headline. he's a cause for rejoicing. the day he went missing, morning committee came a statistic another person. and that it actually happened to me exactly where the airplane was and how he got shot down. they didn't know what was. in fact, that is a story at the beginning of the book. chapter three when you start to hear the issue, you're working your way through the book thinking, this is really kind of odd. and by chapter three you get into this all part of that. the new exactly who shot and down, how happened, and the new web plan was. people go, well, how could they know he was alive with the people on the ground for three and a half, four years.

on the ground. and how could you know that? well, we know that because we have the top and hunter, ca, then. protecting the second book. clearly did not like being asked to go visit them again and promised and that there would get them out and living there again. it is not honorable, and it is not honorable to lose someone entrusted to come and do your job for them and we make a promise of people in uniform that we will do everything we can to not leave you behind. it will come in did you. we broke that a promise, and a broken some many times. i lost count somewhere along the way. almost 20 years for me. i lost count of comic times the betray him.

the authoritative nature of the case of always trying to give me away from how he got shot down. did not want me to talk about it. how get shot down is unimportant. he was going into an a run. none of his assistants were warning him that there was a probable collision and another messiah been fired. we don't know if he was hearing any of this chatter that was going on where is commanding officer was chasing. we know any of that because most of the systems like that have failed. and so he had been picking of the feed. that's what the missile was designed to do. and so you get an ejection and yet the data storage unit was later found. it tells us so much about the mechanicals.

it was because the devices behind the pilot seat with a rocket motor fires off, and it was propelled out of the seat. one piece was found the way west. it was rejected. warriors later. the rest of the avionics row with the airplane. even in that timeframe, the navy was not going to allow an f-18 hornet's to be located by the saudis are any of our friends in the middle east because it had secret, a top-secret material on board. it is just one of those aircraft that you would want to go and retrieve. that was the clue for me. he had to know whether your plan went down because you would not let it just go down and not be recovered. >> what happened next? >> when he parachuted down, and vacation from the sources that had, we talked about this, one

of home had to protect their identity of the four-star involved. he had both his radius with the men had communicated not only by voice by later by the quips on the radio. he was actually exercising what the radio was capable of doing. and so he dyes color ever happens there. in case the best route to their plan. he was killed during the back at the end of the family grew who were friendly. not all of them would have been so family and -- friendly and would have turned them over. they didn't. and so he is a little banged up. not badly. and so the story goes. he ends up with them, but they

are nomadic. so they move around whenever town of the year falls to the seasons of the year. the animal droppings, the herd is a ben there. this of the discarded piece of things. then they had been there. they had been repeatedly. the normal pattern. and so he stayed, tried to do what it with the plane. he stays around long enough to put ground to air signals down on more than one occasion an impact the tell tale that was talking to the imaging demand because they had overflight imagery of that site on several occasions. you could see when and when there is not grounds air signals. suddenly around 93 years so they get more signals on the ground.

in their markers, like boris gets put down directional. i'm going here. it was going in this direction. he tried his letter of the day, word of the week and they tried all kinds of combinations of things trying to get and to pay attention. sometimes carry it seems obvious on the ground. depending on the angle of the imagery to the platform, to see it to me it could be -- sometimes the can't quite taken up. in this case they did. they did put the imagery down. they did have the treasury of his. could have only been in the did it. the guy tried everything. most of wondered why they cannot see him what it now want to see income get them. many clear he was right there. the frustration must've been incredible for him. so he just he's off eventually. and they come back again. he did this to be is the for

barley to a three cycles of migration. pretty sent me know, a couple visitations in between, his first visit up there. the passive formation. in the water and hand them over. and again they ultimately pay the price for that. and, you know, saddam, he was brutal to groups that did not cooperate. >> why did he escape or leave? >> there is no work for and to go. you know where you're going you're looking at something -- as always describe it as the surface of mars. it looks at the surface of mars. you don't have much out there. in the desert floor at that time of the year, the hard mass.

they did in the day again for shelter. there were a up. they could not get it into the ground. very hard today. not like you would see unless you have heavy equipment to dig down further. our panel was bad. on many aspects of this that we seem to be unprepared for when they went into the first night. the court, when he went down, actually three prepped with a rescue helicopter. so if they had just called one of them, notified properly, 45 minutes and 45 minutes out the cut got them off the ground and where he needed to be. he was communicating, would not have been a problem. but unfortunately they did not like how he got shot down. how he gets shut down as the starter all this, the friendly fire shoot and the mistakes that are made. and the way -- the mistakes and the flying of it, to me, it

comes down to the fact that, well, is training officer did not shoot him down to clarify that point. these of the one it. because he bruch's formation and broken his mission profile to go after when he already had f-14s and f-15s to your shootout, there were casting. that is what they were supposed to be doing. because seabrook from what he was supposed to be doing it created confusion and the rest of the people in this formation who were not distracted looking for the make. in this gated to let them know and do the job. and that confusion, the mistake, you don't write the formation and go after something because it did you have to. that was a mistake. that is a big one. and then from there it just is to be a point where a hot guy and normally approves the navy strike package is not have permission to give permission to fire. and the commanding officer at

night, he's tried to ask. he did not get permission to fire. he goes somewhere else tried to get permission and the mission commander can at grand that because it is his job. he is back and forth. he does not give a call. an f-14 picked up on the call on the f-14 fired. the pilot did not do anything wrong. he did what he was supposed to be doing any took the shot. unfortunately the shell was of a point where the two plans were too close together and he could not see the differences on the rudder screen. now, the big secret to this, there were flying with new platforms. new aircraft unable to get in for read tonight time in a jury of all these things that happened that night. develop all sorts of new things that are tried immoral the time. and these platforms, and for red

eye time imagery of the shootout . they knew who shot him down from the ghetto and they knew what happened to him. and the infrared night time imagery they captured the ejection seat going off, the rocket going out, and everything. >> they knew all along. and when admiral johnson told me later on and if you, i he kept saying, look, we knew what happened to this airplane. if we didn't somebody else to get shut down the same way. if it's an enemy shot and down we need to know the right away. rihanna of the luxury of taking this through the next mission cycle. we have to know. he's methodical about it. he did not tell me about the average nighttime air draft time that was still very hush. what he was trying to tell me was, look, don't bet anybody

tell you that he was shot down by making our in fa6 missile off the ground. all of them to you these things because that's not what happened. they know that night, not one enemy aircraft fired at any of our plans at night. in the 1995-9620 miss it is asking stupid questions. he should are already know the answers. wire you having to answer that? why can't it is looked to the logs and find out? to because they gather one. @booktv gather every one of the law books, all the organ's locks and everything to do with these are plants that night get shipped over to the command ship where there are meeting to cover up the story . they did away with it. that's why you haven't. and, in fact, to put the fear of god and the people who kept copies because they felt guilty, one of the chiefs actually kept a copy of what the fire that night, whenever.

he would not turn it over because he still is so afraid of what might happen to him if he turns it over and if i were to get your someone were to get in and talk about it. as long as you d'tell anybody who they are taught all of this led turns out he was never notified. i went to see him. he was a reservist and. he lived in virginia. i drove out there to see him and talk to him and show them what i had. he slammed his fist down on the table and says, i have sas teams here and here and here. we put people in here. the helicopter ser. you know, so they could get to these guys of the went down because they expected a lot more offense. it turns out that he really felt that he needed to keep doing

this job. he went back full time in the reserves running a unit, running the survey that looked later on. he was on that team working trying to fi again. >> can you talk to me more about what happened? >> as he parachuted to the desert floor and started on the ground, he was a soldier, not maybe there anymore. he had to survive. he was taught well and pay close attention to everything. he did well. he was carrying the item that aviators are given to carry with them that has different languages and who i am. if you -- there is a reward for me. it to be a number of things. but take me back, turning back

door to my command. and so he has that with him. i was never recovered that was ever found very important -- very important pieces of year was never found. his helmet was never found. kind of a big piece. the bulk of the parachute itself was never found. all of these things by salvageable pieces and it looked to me as if they had been cut and sell this to be used, taught to turn all these items in the survival gear. you find one part of the parachute, but not the male and female parts. whoever the person was in the desert on this little talk it to go find his remains was not an ejection seat aviator because they call those items that they found by the wrong names. the male and female and if it together and -- one part and delphi the other part, that's worries that the issue off and is now somewhere

else. it looks as if to bury a lot of his gear that he didn't want found. the homeless from live in buried somewhere. it never found that which you would have shown. they cannot determine how died because they don't have enough of him to do that. they have enough to reconstruct part of the skull. first of all, with the american public is not until of these remains uncertain that was not told to any of the media business he had an identifiable jawbone, to catch front teeth and certain felling some things were very clear that it was sam. then they left enough of the skull, a fragment. the report that remains had been moved at least twice before there were reburied on the site where there were found.

and you and everyone to know that there remains. only tolerances above where they found this. not very deep. they dug down the tall hedges and suddenly they have 12 pieces in the jawbone and all this other stuff. these marines who were not trained forensic pathologists are anthropologist or anything else. and they're digging with backhoes and it's not exactly what you would do if you're actually really trying to do -- the site then there were going to find. all sort of stage to. you look at how delicate there were been investigated 1995, the doe carefully, laid out -- that right off the area and dug carefully. that the proper personnel on board who do that. peru is in for remains and artifacts. this was just cats and bulldozers to getting a bargain lows of center in lower.

it's almost as if they knew there is going to be. but if you look at the surface to the aircraft itself is pretty much to sinigrin then gone and all usable parts have been taken away this summer the deck of the ordnance and act like it's a discovery into those nine. it wasn't. no, we have to wait for ordnance people to come. no. bayberry because he can bury it and no motive or by any more. they acted like that was a new discovery and it wasn't. >> with your they find is remains? >> late july 2009. >> in your research to you know when he was after the crash? >> no question. the remains themselves do not appear to have been below surface for very long. apparently this bother them being moved in 2003. so you're looking at early march 2003 he was moved to the northeast part, which makes sense because they're headed for

ron. that gap between turkey. puku and there will also be heading up into the home territory of some, that time. he is being moved. he crashes in 91. ends up parachuting out, captured by some of people in late '94-'95 just before 110. he wasn't going to be bothered by going into talks a mouse ... to sell, they stuck to surface the sources he gets sick and

apparently was treated by a number of different types of special positions over time. he was the high value. and there'll the handful of people in his regime who would have even done anything in particular about scott. but the men who are within the entire time, just talking about him by name. they called and i co-pilot. and they gave him an arabic name. >> during your research in talking with all of your sources was so important to keep his shooting by friendly fire so covered up.

>> the ridge is worried about their careers. a love these guys is a not want to admit they could be wrong. >> the expectation of conduct and that you cannot expect these people to give the measure like that in a turnaround and not honor the end of the bargain. you have an obligation to that person. so you have up but ended, a beginning, middle, and then to the story now. but more than that yellow wood, when, and how. no one knows this. the new book is now 576 basis. you're going to get the story. it's really just a story that, to me, almost a 20-year odyssey

tried to speak for him, to clear his name almost and that he did not do anything wrong in this. he had done everything he could to come when we failed. >> up next, our eyes family played an impartial role in the small town of qantas and county during the civil war. >> the name of the book is princess anne county, virginia. i wrote the book because i was into the as to what went on in this area during the war. i had done a little research on my family and found that the that participate in a war.

he was in the low will cover it melissa. they petitioned the colonel who was in charge of the state armory in richmond, and anticipation of the war coming to princess anne county. went through its first in early april 1861, each county in the state of virginia had to send a delegate to the secession convention in richmond. elected as alternator. the first secession convention that virginia had committed not get anywhere with it. it did not vote to secede. it did not vote not to secede. it was a stalemate. to work sledder virginia called for another secession convention. former governor had stayed in richmond to politick even

further about the secession of virginia. so when the second secession convention convened the folks of princess anne county sent their alternate to that county who was aboard a boroughs. at that time they deemed it necessary for the state of virginia to secede. it he quickly came back. maastricht cavalry company, a six bridge in a cavalry. there were stationed along the coastline of old princess anne county, today's modern day virginia beach from the ocean view area all the way to the north carolina border. many of 1862, the surrounding areas and counties and princess anne county being one game under union occupation. the duration of the work. affected princess anne county in many ways. the folks here under the occupation of union forces, they sacrificed for their husbands,

sons to my grandson's, nephews, their uncles. all these men were all fighting for the confederacy. and because these folks here were in southern sympathizers to the cause of the war, they suffered dearly at the hands of the yankees or the union occupiers in the area. the union troops would come down here erratically in small patrols because they did not give any resistance here in princess anne county. all the folks, other than the and the man and the older man, everybody else was off fighting for the cause. the union patrol's patrolling in and out of the county. it did not have anything to fear. you really wanted to wash his hands of the war, when he came back home in january of 1863, of course, when lincoln announced the proclamation of emancipation , this set in motion a lot of blacks, free as slaves right of the plantation here in princess anne county to join the pilots resorbing mustard

mustered into the confederacy for one purpose. that was to combat the enemy behind enemy lines. early spring of 1863, he went to richmond. he had talked to the secretary of war for the confederacy. he as the secretary to muster and the company right here. the secretary agreed, combat the enemy in southern territory, a good thing. so he granted permission to muster arrange a company. he was wreaking havoc, especially the church there were controlling benzes and county. union troops. in their reports the right al guerrilla fighters would come out of nowhere inflicting considerable damage. manley they would disappear as fast as they would appear. november 1863, colonel alonzo draper in his first u.s. colored

troops came into princess anne canty. they went to long island, the residence of major edgar boroughs, long island in the middle of back bay in the laden wafer and for today's. he did in that going home for fresh supplies and he approached the house tripper and his troops captured major burro. all was said and done and they had him in shackles and chains that night. the college troops wycherley got down on their hands and knees and prayed to god that the guerrilla had been captured. the imprisoned him. he went to trial for being in the confederate army and tried and sentenced to hang. the 11th-hour of the u.s. posted behind, something he did not want to do, but figure did not have any choice in the matter was to sign the of allegiance which would give him a stay of

execution. president lincoln was going to send word down as to the conditions of his release. sadly, the night that there had been a shooting or edgar had been taken to he was shot in the back and morally wounded. ten hours later he would die. what i would like for folks to take from this book cannot princess anne county, sacrifices to the war between the states. they didn't of slaves. they weren't fighting to keep slavery live. there were fighting for issues that concerned their families, their homes, their way of life. that is what they were fighting for. >> this weekend book tv is in virginia beach, virginia with the help of our local cable

partner. next, virginia professor present his collection of essays on the religious diversity of colonial virginia. >> the book immersed out of a project that we did at the center which began as a series of lectures that were open to the public, one of our many lecture series. and it was born in -- coordinated with some of course, the history of virginia being taught at the college. my calendar on the buck. and our original idea was to treat the background that led up to jefferson's famous statute for religious freedom by looking at some of the aspects of colonial life in virginia that provided what i like to call the political and social context, the stuff that created the space for the statute like this to come out of. the religious dynamics are, i think, defined by remarkable religious diversity in the colony, much more than the

supposed. obvious diversity from having english settlers on the one hand and native religious traditions being practiced on the other. even among the european settlers , there was a remarkable range of diversity. the anglican church was the established church, the church of england. of course, it became the established church, the virginia colony. but it was not only anglicans. even anglicans did not agree and everything. there were also appeared sincere, catholics, there were some jews. there were quakers began to appear commute and the earliest decades. and this kind of dynamic was part of the diversity that began to develop in terms of people money to go along with each other in negotiating the space in colonial settings. there were lots of english settlers who practiced on christian traditions in the sense of the folk traditions and

then there is the diversity christian practices. the established church had the authority of the state or than the crown behind it and wanted to regulate religion here in the way it was done in england. but they had to deal with the realities of the colonial setting, where there was hardship, the settlements were sparse replaced. hard to get priests. over time as the diversity increased and the competition for space increased with the established church kind of had to initiate what it was going to do with all of this. the traditional story of the statute, jefferson's statute for religious freedom is that it can this brings from the mind of this great genius, thomas

jefferson. and his genius is a factor in a can of course. we would like to say that it is intellectual founding, basically jefferson was a lightning ideas of freedom of conscience and protecting the state from the influence of the church on the one hand. combined with the logic of commitments of evangelical groups who were resisting church and state authority over them and their appeal to the beliefs or that religion cannot be compelled. and they protect religion from the influence of the state. but they both favor the church-state separation and the idea of freedom of individual conscience. those dynamics, you create the political space for this. this subset part of the statute just a basic things. it disestablish is the church of england what by then, i think, have become the protestant a scumble church. so it -- and it treats all in

that process, it treats all existing rules is critically. none has power over any of the others and that as interest and support. and it establishes the principle of freedom of conscience. individual conscience and that religion could not be compelled. also as the third thing that doesn't get talked about as much cover removing the ada, eliminating the idea of a religious criteria for holding public office. most is required to believe in the christian god and to take some religious oath in order to update public office. interesting dynamic was the choice that the viejo authorities had to make about the relationship of the church and state. there were advocates for continuing the pre-existing system of the anglican church for the protestant church would be the established church. the others will be tolerated at various levels. and the opposite, al by jefferson and buy some of the dissenting province to groups was, there should be absolutely no connection between the church in the state.

should be completely separate. churches should be left to fend for themselves without an is to support. then there is a middle ground where they wanted to sort of that have an established church in the traditional sense was still have a tax are still of a system of support of the christian churches broadly speaking or tax to support a christian ministers even though the others will have for freedom to continue their breakfast. of course it was jefferson's you the concept of freedom as opposed to the concept of mere tolerance of the dynamics that comes out of the statute. and so it not only influenced the federal constitution. also enclosed the development of the church-state relationship other states. not all states are completely separated by church and state. in the early years a result of the federal government that was bound by the first amendment. no one thought that control the state's cents stateside massachusetts had a step was church well into the 1880's

and a lot of that is the influence of the statute. it's more important that people sometimes -- if they know about all. a remarkable thing is that jefferson himself made this just a couple of weeks before died. he wrote out a little thing and how he wanted to be remembered. as tested is tombstone and now he wondered engraved. one of the things you want to put on it was that he would be known as the author of the statute. that is remarkable. more than 40 years after was enacted. he was still thinking that that was one of the things he wanted to be most remembered for. the reason, i think a his defense of their one of the things we want people to get is, this statute influenced what we now take for granted in terms of church-state relationships and freedom of religion and so on. the statute but we cannot really say that a stir that all, but it was a key document created the kind of legal constitutional framework for that dynamic to

become part of the american life >> author and historian stephen mansfield what sister princess anne county in virginia beach next on book tv. he joined us on our recent trip to virginia beach virginia. >> of the 1968. invited to do some research into the history of virginia beach. after a considerable length of time, doing research, during the summers, i wrote princess anne county in virginia beach, a pictorial history. the county a princess and in the era of the american revolution had a total population of something like 8,000. at the turn of the 20th-century there were only about 11,000 people in all of what is now virginia beach, a city of foreign 40,000. so we're talking about the

18th and 19th amend 20th-century, very sparse population. the village became the town in 1783, added speed probably, maybe 200 residents. and that number did not increase really before the 20th-century. but the commercial activity that was here reflected the positioning on the eastern branch of the elizabeth river which was the navigable by oceangoing vessels up to approximately the time of the civil war. in the 20th-century this house can to be known as pleasant all. it was sex with constructive back in 1769 by a man named george logan who was a merchant who had operations both here and what was then the village of kim's landing, the skirmish took place here, knew this house in november of 1775.

the british troops came here were led by the glass for governor of virginia. the british were successful in defeating the patriots to scatter a relatively complete. and in the wake of that victory, as the government chose to designated to when the governor issued a proclamation which declared, in effect will martial law for the county princess and, requiring that all the citizenry where redwood bids to show their loyalty to the mother country of so we understand briefly as a guest who remained a tory, a supporter of the crown. the first house of worship actually was the old courthouse building. but the baptist required -- the 18 twenties and serve from most of hundred years. across the street is immanuel episcopal church which was organized in 1943. portions of builds in sure is survived. 1940's fire.

therefore, is the oldest house of worship here in the area. the city of virginia beach, as we noted, consists of three under intense carlyle's until relatively recently. very rural the beginning of world war two there were only 19,000 people in all of the modern city. ford and 40,000. and the historic buildings and we have going back 200, 250, 300 years and really very scattered. today virginia beach is known to many people because of the resort in the oceanfront. that was made possible, really, in the 18 eighties when our rail line was constructed from norfolk to the russian front. there are several buildings of the oceanfront which reflect the early years of the virginia beach resort. the cottage for 1890's, the cavalier hotel the grand old hotel the dates for the 1920's.

virginia beach as the city owns half a dozen historic properties , including houses that were constructed, 18th and 19th centuries and air force said that the city has made a commitment to preserve and operate and interpret those. the assumption, because of our positioning on the chesapeake bay and the oceanfront, this has always been a popular area with a good deal of the activity reflected the development of the coastal areas. the reality is this is a very isolated area because in part there was so little in the way of good transportation into the area. in the 1850's edmund road at one point that he thought princess anne county was the least known in the services of all the counties in virginia. this was the fastest growing county, and at one point the most rapidly growing city in the united states. >> next on book tv, old dominion

university professor discusses his book innocents abroad, journeys around the world on semester of see. >> semester s.c. is an educational organization under the aegis of the university of virginia. plus students from other countries. the faulty thousand two and in the fall of 2006i circumnavigate the globe to get a sense of the entire world. and for somebody like me who is a writer, i believe the writing is all about seeing. probably not many better ways to change your perspective and to open a big rise and to kill passed the note into the unknown world. to brazil, cuba, egypt, the vietnam, burma, spain, italy to

morocco, south africa, kenya. to those a 6i met a driver in egypt in alexandria, egypt. of course, we try to avoid connecting with him, what we ended up creating a. and to does a six, remember christian and muslim, altogether spent two days of them. i think airlines are really important lesson in the semester s.c. about travel, but the importance and significance of it. muslims and christians, just as you said, and educated. you're a smart guy. and a learned was we have more kinship with people around the world that we have difference. it was fascinating to go to burma before. see the situation. to me it was a lot like cuba.

is very repressive. near totalitarian. and to see a world in which he go into a bookstore and there are maybe 20 bucks in that bookstore. everything is censored. go to cuba and try to find an internet cafe, and you can't find one. to see situations where people don't have the freedoms that we often take for granted here was eliminating, would say. i believe firmly in the spirit -- experiential learning. it is wanting to read john hersey's hiroshima. powerful, important, understated, but to have the advantage of reading that book as you're traveling to japan and then you get off the ship and you get to hiroshima after having read that there be ten or 11 students on that trip, and you needed japanese gentleman

who is 75 years old it was seven years old when that bomb dropped so he was there. he experienced it. he comes back every year to that memorial, to the atomic bomb. to meet him and talk to him and see somebody who survive that, i think that puts the book in dramatic and emotional and intellectual perspective that you simply can't have if you are in the classroom. that is simply one of the most beautiful course that you could sail into perry are the most beautiful situations, table mountain, lyon said. but such discrepancy in that place in south africa. such a crackling sense of potential violence in that country. plus, there is this great gap between the haves and have-nots, the people who live in the township. you know, scarborough. the people who lived out in the region.

these people who live behind a 12-foot high, 2 feet thick walls, you know, fortresses. what was amazing about you will was, number one, most americans did not get to go to cuba. to get to cuba you have to fly through toronto or some other place. castor's certainly, as a master propaganda, he wanted to promote his agenda. and i think we have a sense of that, but we were brought to parliament. the gatt said the castro. we get to hear him speak for a three and a half hours. he gave -- he stood up there. a three and a half hours. so even though he related an answer any questions, no matter what question was asked of him he somehow found a way of making that into a propaganda statement and then ending a with an answer to the question. we get to ask castro questions. the first question, one of our

students test, whether not he was involved in the assassination of john f. kennedy which made as odd as the little bit because we felt manuel get out of cuba. the experience in vietnam was really in out a body experience for me, as it was for many of the students in the city. we went to the war museum in hanoi. we went to the tunnels outside of coaching in city or what was saigon. the experience of going in the sawmills, recognizing what their fathers had to do, what i probably could have been doing at 19 years old, to crawl through those towels, even the titles that are made into a tourist attraction. so camino, the deer was taken away. cement, cemented. but only about six of the 15 students who live there could actually make it through the tunnels. it was too scary. it was too close. to claustrophobic for them. so i think that give them of its

sense of what it was like for their fathers. before we got on that trip we read tim o'brien, the things they carried. he talks, and other things, but going into the tunnels, about imagination being the killer, that going into that darkness, not knowing what would be there, i think, again, things that literature can give this to you, but then to deal to take literature into the world with it, i think made enhances but the experience of the laurel and the experience of literature as well. >> four years after the brown versus board of education ruling in 1954, resistance to a school desegregation left 10,000 students out of school, the largest of any school system of virginia. next, materials from the special collections citizen efforts to

reopen schools. all next on book tv. >> taqueria one of our most important collections and that is our school desegregation collection. forty, 50,000 pages of material in 15 different archive collections. in 1958 cannot offer, virginia, they made history by closing six of their schools and shutting out 10,000 students to prevent 17 african americans from being amended. when brown versus board was first passed phrygia's sat back and said the this is going to be overturned. they're not going to worry about it because is not going to happen. then when it became apparent that, no, the core was quite serious and other and there would be federal backing for it, a series of laws were passed

called massive resistance. and these laws were part of something called the seventh strategy by senator byrd who led the states in the south to his phrase was, we will do everything we can to massively resist integration. the laws that were passed or bizarre things. they ended compulsory education the state the says in a meager child goes into what school, and amusing, of course, the terminology of the time, the governor can immediacies control the school. there was a provision in law that anyone that did not want to get to an integrated school to give state funding to get to a private white only school which is called a series academy. the most important part of the resistance loss was that any time in the school was integrated to many public schools integrated, the governor

immediately could seize control of that and close it. he could hold all of these administrative and financial persons at that time. in 1958 after a series of lawsuits the feder court said, you must admit 17 african-americans. now, up to the point there had been a lot of lawsuits. african-americans to the naacp had lawsuits to try to open schools to integrate. nothing happened. it eventually got through it and they said, okay, you have to admit some. 151 students applied. african-americans and supplied. and the procedures for applying to get into a white school was there had to be an interview.

i'm taking a wild guess. there were not that friendly. be interviewed with questions like, where does your dad work? have you had experience in integrated settings? kaythree odd in a society where there was almost no integrated settings. are you a troublemaker? to you a white people? have you been in trouble with the law? african-americans had to go to natalie that, but they had to go through rigorous testing, two different sets of tests. after all of that the school board came back and said, the most amazing things. none of these students were good enough to be in the way schools. they published it in. a list of why each of these kids wasn't good enough. here are the kids that failed scholastic plea. here the kids that have a bad background. here the kids -- the ticket to the court. the court said, you know what, or not feeling it. come back with us again because

you will integrate. finally they paid 70 students that they were allowed into the schools. and it's not clear why they picked the 17 students. i know some of those students, they said they thought maybe there were lighter skinned. it looked around and said, well, no, looking at us, let's not a. maybe we have last names that sounded more -- no one could figure it out. but the 17 were picked. the same day that they were bitten the governor sent a letter saying, because your bed the students we're shutting down the schools the u.s. mint barton's to. immediately to a dozen students were locked out. the base closing in u.s. history to prevent integration. some of them went to private peering schools, some of them gave up, you know, 16, 17 dead joined the navy and just never went back. some went to neighboring schools

for the 17 students, there were tutored car rigorously tutored. schools set up at the baptist church. taught not only high school courses but how to deal with what life would be like when they went to a white school, how to deal with it, the pressure and the hostility to my heart to get through it. white parents claimed unequal protection because there were not allowed then. the only case in the south where white students and white parents fought to get schools open to integrate, and that up in the schools here. on the same day a federal court and a state court ruled that most massive resistance loss were unconstitutional. they avoided them. the problem was that then strategies just changed. things happened like virginia beach started so that students to not have to go to enter rascals in norfolk.

so things did not start changing until there was a racial balance. it started in most places in the early 70's. there were no students. there were about 10 percent of the students that were in schools that have 80%. basically you had true integration. all black schools and all white schools. in the early eighties and eighties norfolk decided to get rid of racial balance and introduce what they called neighborhood schools. like many other communities, norfolk has residential segregation. if you don't bus students then you have kids just going to schools and communities that a single race. studies show that when the segregation is bad, they shut of the 30's, but studies, they showed in the 1990's.

they looked and saw that those kids that went to a single race schools have much slower task force. yet soon after that the study came up and it was well-publicized. our neighboring community decided they would stop busing. when students come in here and tell them that it was once illegal for you to be sitting next to the classmate, well, yes , no less a law rights. they have read about it. does not make any sense to them, so that is pretty wonderful the things to change so much that they cannot imagine it. what has not changed is that there are still very poor schools. and because the information balance ended there are now all black schools and all white schools. the city has become resegregate. it does have a lot of cities around the country that no longer bus for racial balance.

so you have financial segregation. segregation is still uneven, still causes problems. these people can't. with one race. and our richest we have a diverse culture. we have a diverse student body, the versus ministration. >> for more and permission of book tv recent visit to virginia beach, virginia and the many other cities visited by our local content vehicles, go to c-span.org / local content. >> join as this month

discusses his book national staff writer for "the washington post. prime time programming concludes at 11:00 p.m. eastern.

on the future of medicare. she discusses her book medicare meltdown. how wall street and washington are ruining medicare and how to fix it. visit booktv.org for more information object schedule. up next, james antle. editor of the daily caller news foundation presents the thought on the danger of a large federal government. it's about fifty minutes. a lot of questions i get about the book ore wrote the book have to do with the subtitle. "devouring freedom: can big government ever be stopped?." can it? and at the risk of discouraging you from buying the book, i'm going let you in on the answer. my answer is, yes. but it is possible that it can be stopped. but first of all, there are a lot of other questions that have to be